Who among the following considers a text as a ‘site of struggle between authority and popular culture”?

The correct option is Mikhail Bakhtin.

Mikhail Bakhtin, the prominent Russian philosopher and literary theorist, is highly celebrated for his work on dialogism, heteroglossia, and the carnivalesque. Within his theoretical framework, Bakhtin views a text not as a closed, monologic system governed entirely by a single authorial voice, but rather as a dynamic space of interaction.
This makes a text a "site of struggle between authority and popular culture."

In his seminal work, particularly Rabelais and His World, Bakhtin develops the concept of the carnivalesque. The carnival represents the voice of popular culture—subversive, pluralistic, and unofficial. It directly challenges, parodies, and destabilizes the official, monologic authority of the ruling state and ecclesiastical hierarchies. Texts, therefore, capture this collision of different social languages (heteroglossia) where official discourse (authority) constantly seeks to dominate and suppress the unofficial, liberating expressions of the folk culture (popular culture).