Which of the following statement is incorrect?
Correct Answer :
∆G > 0 for spontaneous process
Solution :
To determine which statement is incorrect, we need to analyze the thermodynamic criteria for spontaneity, equilibrium, and non-spontaneity using Gibbs free energy change ().
Gibbs free energy change () is the thermodynamic potential used to calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure. The criteria are as follows:
1. For a reversible (equilibrium) process:
The system is in a state of balance, meaning no net work can be extracted, and the free energy is at a minimum. Therefore,
.
Thus, the statement "∆G = 0 for reversible process" is correct.
2. For a spontaneous process:
A spontaneous process occurs naturally without external intervention and leads to a decrease in the system's free energy. Therefore,
(negative value).
Thus, the statement "∆G < 0 for spontaneous process" is correct.
3. For a non-spontaneous process:
A non-spontaneous process requires an input of energy from an external source to proceed, leading to an increase in the system's free energy. Therefore,
(positive value).
Thus, the statement "∆G > 0 for non-spontaneous process" is correct.
Comparing these criteria with the options, we see that the statement "∆G > 0 for spontaneous process" contradicts the condition for spontaneity (). Hence, it is incorrect.
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