When a bus suddenly takes a turn, the passengers are thrown outwards because of

The correct option is Inertia of motion.

When a bus is traveling in a straight line, both the bus and the passengers inside it are in a state of uniform motion in that specific direction. According to Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, an object will continue to move in its current state of motion (both speed and direction) unless acted upon by an external force.

When the bus suddenly takes a turn, the lateral force exerted by the road on the wheels changes the direction of the bus. However, due to inertia, the passengers' bodies tend to maintain their original straight-line direction of motion. Because their bodies try to continue along the straight path while the bus curves away under them, the passengers experience a sensation of being thrown outwards relative to the turning bus.