What is the consequence of a change in the genetic diversity

The correct option is "results in loss of biological diversity".

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Understanding Genetic Diversity:
Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. High genetic diversity means a species has a robust gene pool, allowing it to withstand diseases, environmental changes, and other survival challenges.

2. Consequence of a Reduction in Genetic Diversity:
When genetic diversity changes or decreases (often due to habitat destruction, overexploitation, or population bottlenecks), the variation within the gene pool is reduced. This makes the species highly vulnerable to diseases, environmental shifts, and inbreeding depression, which drastically increases the risk of species extinction.

3. Linking to Biological Diversity:
Biological diversity (biodiversity) comprises diversity at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Because genetic diversity is the fundamental building block of biodiversity, a change or decline in genetic diversity directly leads to a loss of overall biological diversity. It reduces the resilience of ecosystems and the survival capacity of their constituent species.

4. Evaluating Other Options:
- "leads to an increase in the population": Incorrect, because reduced genetic variation generally lowers survival rates and causes populations to decline.
- "results in loss of human species only": Incorrect, because it affects all living organisms, not just humans.
- "causes pollution": Incorrect, as genetic changes are biological consequences and do not directly cause environmental pollution.