This is cancerous state of blood

The correct option is Leukemia.

To understand why this is correct, let us analyze the biological definition of each condition listed in the options:
1. Uremia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds in the blood, which is typically caused by kidney failure, not a cancerous state.
2. Chloremia: This refers to the presence of chlorine or chloride in the blood, and abnormal levels (such as hyperchloremia) relate to electrolyte imbalances rather than cancer.
3. Leukemia: This is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes). Because it is a malignant, cancerous disease of the blood-forming tissues, it is directly described as a "cancerous state of blood."
4. Proteinemia: This refers to the presence of excess protein in the blood (hyperproteinemia), which can occur due to dehydration, chronic inflammation, or bone marrow disorders, but the term itself is not a synonym for blood cancer.

Therefore, Leukemia is the correct term for the cancerous state of blood.