The process by which fruits are developed without fertilization is called

The correct option is Parthenocarpy.

Here is a detailed, step-by-step explanation of the biological process and why this option is correct:

1. Definition of Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy is a botanical term that describes the development of a fruit without the fertilization of ovules. Because fertilization does not occur, the resulting fruits are typically seedless. Examples of natural parthenocarpic fruits include bananas, pineapples, and seedless grapes.

2. Understanding the Alternatives:
- Apomixis: This is the asexual production of seeds without fertilization. Unlike parthenocarpy, which results in seedless fruit, apomixis results in viable seeds that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
- Parthenogenesis: This is a form of asexual reproduction where an embryo develops from an unfertilized egg cell. While closely related, parthenogenesis refers to embryo/organism development (often in animals or specific plant structures), whereas parthenocarpy specifically refers to the development of the fruit structure itself.
- Self-pollination: This is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This process still involves fertilization to produce seeds and fruit, which contradicts the condition of developing "without fertilization".

3. Conclusion: Therefore, the specific process by which fruits develop without fertilization is uniquely termed Parthenocarpy.