The division of cytoplasm is known as

The correct option is Cytokinesis.

To understand why this is the correct answer, let us break down the cell division process step-by-step:
During cell division, a parent cell divides to form two or more daughter cells. This process typically occurs in two main consecutive stages: karyokinesis and cytokinesis.

1. Karyokinesis (Division of the Nucleus):
The prefix "karyo-" refers to the nucleus. Karyokinesis is the process where the cell's nucleus and its genetic material (chromosomes) are replicated and divided equally into two daughter nuclei. This stage includes phases such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

2. Cytokinesis (Division of the Cytoplasm):
The prefix "cyto-" refers to the cell or cytoplasm, and "kinesis" means movement or division. Once karyokinesis is complete, the cell must physically split its remaining contents, including the cytoplasm and organelles. Cytokinesis is the specific process that divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells, finalizing the cell division process.

Let us look at the other options to understand why they are incorrect:
- Mitosis: This is the overall process of asexual cell division in eukaryotic cells, which encompasses both karyokinesis (specifically of somatic cells) and cytokinesis.
- Synapsis: This refers to the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis (prophase I), not the division of cytoplasm.
- Karyokinesis: As explained above, this is specifically the division of the cell nucleus, not the cytoplasm.

Therefore, the division of the cytoplasm is precisely termed Cytokinesis.