Sporophytic and gametophytic phases are independent in

The correct option is Pteridophytes.

To understand why sporophytic and gametophytic phases are independent in pteridophytes, let us look at the life cycle and characteristics of the major plant groups:
1. Bryophytes: In bryophytes (like mosses and liverworts), the dominant phase is the gametophyte. The sporophyte is physically dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition and support throughout its life.
2. Pteridophytes: In pteridophytes (like ferns), both the sporophytic and gametophytic phases are independent. The dominant phase is the diploid sporophyte, which is vascular and self-supporting. The haploid gametophyte (often called a prothallus) is also green, photosynthetic, and independent, living free in moist, shady environments.
3. Gymnosperms & Angiosperms: In seed plants, the gametophyte is highly reduced and remains completely dependent on the dominant sporophyte phase for nutrition and shelter.

Thus, pteridophytes are the plant group where both the sporophytic and gametophytic phases are independent and free-living.