Production of bio ethanol is through fermentation of ________ and starch components

The correct option is sugar.

Bioethanol is a renewable fuel produced primarily through the biological process of fermentation. During this process, microorganisms such as yeast (typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae) metabolize simple sugars in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
The chemical equation representing this fermentation process is:
$C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6\to 2C_2{H}_{5}OH+2C{O}_2$

The primary feedstocks for bioethanol production are materials containing high amounts of soluble sugars (such as sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum) or starch components (such as corn, wheat, and barley) that can be easily broken down into simple fermentable sugars. Therefore, the production of bioethanol is achieved through the fermentation of sugar and starch components.