Process of successful establishment of species in a new area is known as

The correct option is ecesis.

In ecological succession, the colonization of a new area by a species involves several sequential stages. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of the process and why ecesis is the correct term:
1. Nudation: This is the initial stage where a bare area is created, devoid of any life, due to factors like erosion, volcanic activity, or flooding.
2. Invasion (or Migration): This refers to the arrival of reproductive bodies or propagules (like seeds, spores, or microbes) of a species from other areas into the bare area.
3. Ecesis: After arriving in the new area, the species must successfully adjust, germinate, grow, and establish itself in the new environmental conditions. This process of successful establishment of a species in a new area is specifically called ecesis.
4. Aggregation: Once ecesis is successful, the established individuals reproduce and increase their population size, grouping closely together.
5. Competition and Coaction: As the population grows, individuals compete for space, food, and other resources, leading to modifications in the environment.
6. Reaction: The living organisms modify their environment, making it less favorable for themselves and more suitable for new incoming species.
7. Climax: The final, stable community that reaches equilibrium with the local climate is called the climax community.

Let us also look at why the other options are incorrect:
- Climax: This refers to the final stable stage of ecological succession, not the process of initial establishment.
- Sere: This is the entire sequence of ecological communities that successively replace each other in a given area over time.
- Invasion: This is just the initial arrival or migration of the species into the new area, which precedes successful establishment (ecesis).