Procedures used to treat infertility are

The correct option is All of the above.

Infertility can be treated using various Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) depending on the underlying causes. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of each procedure mentioned:

1. IVF (In Vitro Fertilization):
This is a primary treatment where eggs are extracted from the ovaries and fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting. The resulting embryo is then transferred back into the female's uterus.

2. ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection):
This is a specialized form of IVF often used to overcome male infertility factors. In this procedure, a single healthy sperm is injected directly into a mature egg to assist fertilization.

3. IUI (Intrauterine Insemination):
This procedure involves placing washed and concentrated sperm directly inside the female's uterus around the time of ovulation, helping the sperm get closer to the egg and increasing the chances of fertilization.

Since all three techniques—ICSI, IUI, and IVF—are widely established medical procedures used to treat infertility, the correct answer is indeed "All of the above".