Possible complications of thalassemia

The correct answer is Both (a) and (b).

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by the body making an abnormal form or inadequate amount of hemoglobin. This leads to large numbers of red blood cells being destroyed, which causes anemia. The complications of thalassemia can affect multiple organs and systems in the body. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of why both infection and iron overload are key complications:

1. Iron Overload (Option b):
People with thalassemia can get an excess of iron in their bodies, either from the disease itself (due to increased absorption of iron from diet as the body tries to make more red blood cells) or from frequent blood transfusions, which are a standard treatment for moderate to severe thalassemia. Too much iron can result in damage to the heart, liver, and endocrine system, which includes hormone-producing glands that regulate processes throughout the body.

2. Infection (Option a):
Individuals with thalassemia have a higher risk of developing infections. This is especially true if they have had their spleen removed (splenectomy), which is sometimes done as part of the treatment plan, because the spleen helps the body fight infections. Furthermore, iron overload itself can increase susceptibility to certain bacterial infections.

Therefore, because both infection (a) and iron overload (b) are major potential complications of thalassemia, the most accurate option is Both (a) and (b).