Question Details

In which all have d10 configuration in their ground state?

Options

A

Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag

B

Cd, Au, Hg, Ni

C

Sc, Ti, Fe, Zn

D

Fe, Cr, Co, Ni

Correct Answer :

Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag

Solution :

The correct option is Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag.

To determine which set of elements all have a d10 electronic configuration in their ground state, let us write down the electronic configurations of the transition elements in the options:

1. Copper (Cu, Z = 29):
The expected configuration is [Ar]3d94s2. However, due to the extra stability of a fully-filled d-subshell, one electron from the 4s orbital transitions to the 3d orbital. Thus, the ground-state configuration is:
[Ar]3d104s1
This has a d10 configuration.

2. Zinc (Zn, Z = 30):
The ground-state electronic configuration is:
[Ar]3d104s2
This has a d10 configuration.

3. Silver (Ag, Z = 47):
Similar to copper, silver belongs to group 11 and exhibits an anomalous configuration to achieve a stable fully-filled d-subshell. The ground-state configuration is:
[Kr]4d105s1
This has a d10 configuration.

4. Cadmium (Cd, Z = 48):
Cadmium belongs to group 12 (below zinc) and has a completely filled d-subshell. The ground-state electronic configuration is:
[Kr]4d105s2
This has a d10 configuration.

Since all four elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ag) possess a d10 configuration in their ground state, they satisfy the requirement.

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