Question Details

In planetary motion the areal velocity of position vector of a planet depends on angular velocity (ω) and the distance of the planet from sun (r). If so the correct relation for areal velocity is

Options

A

(dA/dt) ∝ ωr

B

(dA/dt) ∝ ω²r

C

(dA/dt) ∝ ωr²

D

(dA/dt) ∝ √(ωr)

Correct Answer :

(dA/dt) ∝ ωr²

Solution :

The correct relation for areal velocity is:
(dA/dt) ∝ ωr²

Step-by-Step Derivation:

1. Let us consider a planet moving around the Sun. Let the position vector of the planet relative to the Sun be r.

2. In a very small time interval dt, the position vector sweeps out a small triangular area dA.

3. The area of a triangle formed by two adjacent vectors, the position vector r and the small displacement vector ds, is given by:
dA=12rds

4. Since the displacement is along the arc of the orbit, we can relate the linear displacement ds to the angular displacement dθ as:
ds=rdθ

5. Substituting this expression for ds into the area equation gives:
dA=12r(rdθ)=12r2dθ

6. To find the areal velocity, which is the rate at which area is swept out per unit time, we divide both sides by dt:
dAdt=12r2dθdt

7. We know that the rate of change of angular displacement is defined as the angular velocity ω:
ω=dθdt

8. Substituting ω into our areal velocity equation, we obtain:
dAdt=12ωr2

9. Since 12 is a constant, the relationship can be written in terms of proportionality as:
dAdtωr2

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