If the endosperm cell of a dicot plant contains 30 chromosomes, find the number of chromosomes present in the root cells of the plant

The correct option is 20.

Let us understand the ploidy levels (number of sets of chromosomes) of different types of cells in a dicot plant:

1. Endosperm cell: In angiosperms (flowering plants, including dicots), the endosperm is formed by triple fusion (fusion of a haploid male gamete with two haploid polar nuclei). Therefore, the endosperm tissue is triploid (3n).

2. Root cell: A root cell is a vegetative/somatic cell of the plant body, which is diploid (2n).

Step-by-step Calculation:

Given that the endosperm cell contains 30 chromosomes:

$3n=30$

To find the haploid number ($n$) of chromosomes:

$n=\frac{30}{3}=10$

Now, to find the number of chromosomes in the diploid root cell (2n):

$2n=2\times 10=20$

Thus, the number of chromosomes present in the root cells of the plant is 20.