Consider the two statements :
Statement-1 : A capillary tube is first dipped in hot water and then dipped in cold water. The rise is higher in hot water.
Statement-2 : Capillary tube is first dipped in cold water and then dipped in hot water. The rise is higher in cold water.
Correct Answer :
Solution :
The height of the liquid column in a capillary tube is given by the formula:
where:
is the height of the capillary rise,
is the surface tension of the liquid,
is the angle of contact,
is the radius of the capillary tube,
is the density of the liquid, and
is the acceleration due to gravity.
When the temperature of a liquid increases, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, which weakens the intermolecular cohesive forces. Consequently, the surface tension () of water decreases significantly as the temperature rises. Although the density of water () also decreases with an increase in temperature, the relative decrease in surface tension is much larger and dominates the capillary rise relationship.
Since the height of the capillary rise () is directly proportional to the surface tension (), the rise is lower at higher temperatures (hot water) and higher at lower temperatures (cold water).
Let us evaluate the two statements:
- Statement-1 claims that the rise is higher in hot water. This is false.
- Statement-2 claims that the rise is higher in cold water. This is true.
Therefore, Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true.
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