A liquid does not wet the sides of a solid, if the angle of contact is
Correct Answer :
Obtuse (More than 90°)
Solution :
The correct option is Obtuse (More than 90°).
Understanding Contact Angle:
When a liquid surface meets a solid surface, it forms a curve called a meniscus. The angle between the tangent to the liquid surface at the point of contact and the solid surface inside the liquid is defined as the angle of contact ().
The behavior of the liquid (whether it wets the solid or not) depends on the relative strengths of two forces:
1. Cohesive forces: The attractive forces between the molecules of the same substance (liquid-liquid molecules).
2. Adhesive forces: The attractive forces between molecules of different substances (liquid-solid molecules).
Analysis of Different Cases:
- When adhesive forces are stronger than cohesive forces: The liquid molecules are pulled strongly toward the solid surface. As a result, the liquid rises along the solid boundary, forming a concave meniscus, and the liquid wets the solid surface. In this case, the angle of contact is acute (). Examples include water on glass.
- When cohesive forces are stronger than adhesive forces: The liquid molecules prefer to stay bound together rather than spreading on the solid. The liquid surface curves away from the solid wall, forming a convex meniscus, and the liquid does not wet the solid surface. In this case, the angle of contact is obtuse (). Examples include mercury on glass.
Therefore, a liquid does not wet the sides of a solid if the angle of contact is obtuse (more than 90°).
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