Human history abounds in claims and theories confining the right of governing to a few select citizens. Exclusion of the many is justified on the ground that human beings may be rightfully segregated for the good of society and viability of the political process.
Which one of the following statements is least essential as a part of the argument in the above passage ?
Man seeks control over external things affecting him.
In society, there are ‘super’ and ‘sub’ human beings.
Exceptions to universal citizen participation are conducive to systemic efficacy.
Governing implies recognition of disparities in individual capacities.
The correct option is: "Man seeks control over external things affecting him."
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Analyze the core argument of the passage:
The passage states that throughout human history, theories have existed that restrict the right of governing to only a few select citizens (exclusion of the many). The justification provided for this exclusion is that segregating human beings is good for society and ensures the viability (efficacy) of the political process.
2. Deconstruct the assumptions and parts of the argument:
• The argument relies on the idea that people can be categorized or segregated based on their capabilities to govern. This directly relates to the option: "In society, there are ‘super’ and ‘sub’ human beings" (Option 2), which justifies why only a few select citizens are given the right to govern.
• The argument justifies exclusion on the ground of the "viability of the political process" and "good of society". This aligns with the option: "Exceptions to universal citizen participation are conducive to systemic efficacy" (Option 3), which states that excluding some citizens makes the system work better.
• By confining governance to a select few, the argument assumes that not everyone has the same capacity to govern, which matches the option: "Governing implies recognition of disparities in individual capacities" (Option 4).
3. Identify the least essential statement:
The statement "Man seeks control over external things affecting him" (Option 1) deals with general human desires or psychological traits regarding control over external circumstances. This concept is completely external to the passage's debate on elitist governance, segregation of citizens, and the efficacy of the political process. Therefore, it is the least essential statement to the argument presented in the passage.
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